Information that 80-90% of people are infected with worms, many people come up with the idea that you need to drink anthelmintic drugs for a preventative purpose.
The human body parasitates different types of worms that have been developed special tests for their identification.Each diagnostic procedure has a certain percentage of reliability and differs in the functions of behavior.
Blood tests for parasites
The vital activity of parasites in the body causes discomfort in unclear etiology.It can be skin rash, flatulence, heartburn, nausea, weakness, anemia, joint pain.To clarify the diagnosis, special tests must be performed for parasites.
How to check for parasites in the human body
Classification of parasites in their appearance:
For representatives of some professions (for staff in catering companies, children's institutions are required) analysis of eggs of worms in the design of sanitary books.Children pass the same analysis when admitted to kindergartens and a kindergarten or in a sports department.
- A classic examination of worms living in the stomach tract is an analysis of faeces and a scraping of the mucosa from the rectum.
- But there are more options for more effective blood tests for parasites, as intended and according to the method.
Causes of Delivery of Analysis to Parasites
When infected with individual parasites, a person may not feel symptoms.But over time, the number of helminths increases and the infection begins to manifest.It is necessary to take tests for parasites if there are such symptoms:
- abdominal pain at different location, which may occur spontaneously or by palpation;
- Itching in the anus that appears at night;
- joints and muscle pain;
- reduced appetite and nausea;
- Increased appetite with ample saliva;
- gut dysbiosis;
- constipation or diarrhea;
- Change in the faecal color;
- Increased fatigue;
- Dizziness;
- The pale of the skin;
- insomnia or sleep disorders;
- Irritability;
- Dermatitis;
- Urinary incontinence;
- In women, abundant discharge from the vagina, violations of the menstrual cycle.
The nature of the symptoms depends on the type of parasites.Itching and combustion in the anal region causes pinworms.Askarides provokes severe allergic reactions as well as cramping abdominal pain.Lambia, Echinococci and Bicondumure affect the liver.They are often the cause of the obstacle to the bile duct and the cholestasis (stagnation of the bile), inflammation of the gallbladder.Light stool with drops of fat is one of the main signs of the pathology of the liver and pancreas.The symptom of parasitic effect on the liver and gallbladder is pain in the right hypochondrium.
If several of the stated symptoms appear, it is necessary to go to the hospital to identify parasites in the body in time.It is necessary to take regular preventative tests for parasites for children, people living or working with animals.If raw, jerky, lightly salted meat, crazy or fish are regularly consumed for food, the risk of infection is very high.In this case, it is also necessary to check regularly to identify parasites.
Which tests for parasites are found
There are various reasons that cause the need to take an analysis for Helminths.
On this parameter, 3 types of tests are distinguished:
- Preventive - necessary for timely detection of helminthiasis, even in the absence of characteristic symptoms.They are performed on a person's personal initiative or in a medical examination.It is recommended to take such an analysis every year, especially for children.
- Barrier - is prescribed to minimize the risk of spreading helminthiasis among the population.This is a mandatory analysis that children pass before entering a kindergarten or school, food industry workers, service areas, medical staff to get a medical book.Barrier analysis is delivered once a year.
- As prescribed by a physician, this type of analysis for Helminths is prescribed by a doctor in the presence of symptoms characteristic of helminthiasis: nausea, stomach disorders, itching of anus, weight loss, abdominal pain, increased fatigue, dizziness.With a single negative result, the analysis must be taken again to ensure that its reliability.
Depending on the situation and symptoms, one or more types of tests are prescribed.Let's consider the detailed features of each.
With a sharp weight loss, think about the need to perform analyzes for parasites
Calais -Analysis for Worms
Analysis of faeces for parasites is in a different way called a coprogram-A method that provides examination of fecal masses under a microscope to identify parasite walls, their larvae or fragments of sexually mature worms.This analysis makes it possible to identify many varieties of worms, but it is especially effective for worms that parasitize the gut.Suitable for diagnosis of enterobiosis, ascariasis, ankylostomosis, trichocephalosis and other types of infection.
To perform an analysis, take a special sterile jar.It is issued in a clinic, laboratories or purchased at a pharmacy.
Then everything is simple:
- It is necessary to fill 1/3 with faeces with faeces.This should be done within 11.00 hours.Make sure that third -party impurities, such as blood, drops of other secretions do not fall into the jar as this will negatively show the reliability of the result.
- The lid of the filled capacity must be tightly closed.It is signed and then packed in a disposable package.
- It is best if the material can be transferred to analysis 30-45 minutes after the collection.It is allowed to store it in the refrigerator, but no longer than 8 hours.After this period, the material becomes unfit for analysis.
You can find out the results the day after the analysis.But in some laboratories it is made up to 6 days.
The effectiveness of this method is 30-35%as Helminths do not lay eggs every night.
Scratching (smudging)
Scratching is the most common analysis for enterobiosis, which allows you to identify the presence of pinworms that parasitize the gut and laid a large number of eggs in the area around the anus as well as in the perineum area every night.
Since children especially suffer from enterobiosis, a child who visits a kindergarten, a school, should take a scraping regularly twice a year.Adults also need to do an analysis when the first signs of parasites appear: itching in anus, poor sleep, worsening appetite, weight loss, irritability.
Analysis Procedure:
- The scraping is taken by a special spatula available at the pharmacy or with a regular cotton wool that is previously moist in a salt water or hot water.They remove a smear from the area around the anus as well as perineum.Another way is to attach a sticky ribbon (ribbon) to the area around the anus.Removed gently, glued to the surface of clean and dry glass.
- The procedure should be performed in the morning immediately after waking up.Before that, you can't go to the bathroom and wash.You can take a smear in a clinic or at home.
- A stick or a spatula, on the surface of which there is a biomass for research, is packed in a sterile dry jar, pack.The packaging must be sealed.
- It is necessary to deliver the material to the laboratory for research on the day to take an eye on, it is better immediately.If necessary, for a maximum of 5 hours it can be stored in the refrigerator.
You can find out the results the next day.
If the results of the first analysis were negative, but the symptoms typical of enterobiosis are preserved, the procedure must be transferred again the next day or every other day.Maximum efficiency guarantees 3-4 negative results of analyzes performed in a row.
Blood test
A blood test shows the presence of parasites because, as a result of their lives, they affect the internal organs, the mucous membranes, release a large number of toxins.This provides changes in the composition of the blood.When Helminths appears, the immune system begins to produce antibodies (immunoglobulin).They can be identified as a result of the study.
The most important thing is that a competent decoding of the results is performed, which can only be performed by an experienced specialist.
A blood test for parasites determines all their varieties - ascaride, lamblia, flat worms, two -water, trichinella, three matodes.Most of them parasitize in the internal organs: in the liver, lungs, ducts and not in the gut, and with the help of other tests it will not work to identify these types of parasites.
Analysis Delivery Procedure:
- To perform the analysis, venous blood is needed.It is enough to take 3-5 ml of material from the elbow.The procedure is performed on an empty stomach, preferably in the morning.
- Specialists study the chosen blood in the laboratory for specific antibodies that allow you to determine the stage of Helminthiasis.
- Decipher the results of the analysis.
Before the patient donates blood, the patient must pass the stage of preparation.It begins a week before the diagnosis and involves a complete rejection of using antibiotics and other drugs whose composition can adversely affect the accuracy of the result.One day before the analysis, it is worth excluding fat products, sweets, carbonated beverages and always alcohol from the diet.
The determination of Helminthian invasion is also performed using a general blood test.It is quite informative, allows you to identify different types of worms, but most effective in relation to pinworms as well as ascaris.
When deciphering general analysis, the following indicators are taken into account:
- Hemoglobin - with worm damage it is reduced;
- Leukocytes - When infected with Helminths, their concentration increases.
For analysis, blood is taken from a vein.Before the procedure, it is important not to eat 8 but better than 12 hours.It is allowed to only drink water.5-7 days before manipulation it is necessary to stop taking antibiotics.
Elisa, analysis for antibodies and immunoglobulina
This analysis is based on the body's immune response, the level of its protective reaction to the invasion of parasites.
- Using the results of Elisa you can determine the presence of helminths in the body and their type.The accuracy of the study is much higher than the analysis of faeces.
- The method is based on the calculation of antibodies in the body to one or another type of parasites, the determination of their connection with foreign antigens (immune response) and the body's enzyme reaction.
- Anti-antigens antibodies indicate an infection.
- A blood test from Elisa has accuracy according to various experts from 60% to 90%, even at the low level of invasion.
- The advantage of the method beyond a high level of accuracy is that an immuno functional analysis can be monitored by the dynamics of the disease over time.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR -analysis)
The PCR method is one of the most modern and accurate for diagnosis of blood to the presence of parasites in the body.It consists of detecting traces of DNA and RNA that belong to parasitic life forms.
- The essence of the polymerase reaction is blood treatment in such a way that it is to copy and propagate DNA, RNA of foreign organisms to a concentration that allows them to determine.
Serological blood test
At the same time, the analysis is used as a source of blood serum information.
- Immunogenic antibodies of parasites are examined.
- The analysis allows you to identify a large number of parasitic forms, but does not allow you to determine the invasion stage.
- Like the IFA method, serological analysis is indirect for diagnosis.
- If Up's values are high, it is further advisable to pass on the fecal analysis.
How and where to take tests for parasites
It is necessary to take tests for parasites when the symptoms typical of helminthic invasion appear: digestive problems, astheni, weight loss, dermatological diseases.It is also necessary to undergo diagnostics for Helminths in situations where a person suffers from a chronic illness for many years, but the treatment does not produce the expected result.In many cases, it turns out that the disease is not provided by physiological problems, but by a consequence of the parasitation of worms.
Before passing the procedure, get a direction from a gastroenterologist, specialist in infectious diseases, proctologist, therapist, surgeon, dermatologist and pediatrician.With this direction, a person goes to the laboratory.After the study of biomaterials, he receives some form of results, indicating whether Helminths is detected in the body.
If the results of the analysis confirmed the presence of worms, it is important to consult a qualified physician immediately.It can be a specialist in infectious diseases or therapist.When Helminthiasis is diagnosed with a child, a pediatrician helps.
Taking tests that identify parasites need at least once a year.To review diagnostics, it is important to choose a good laboratory if specialists guarantee the maximum accuracy of the results.